donald duck jumper

Occlusion was performed simultaneously with the acquisition of dynamic LV volume from long-axis real-time CMR at 0.55 T, and recordings of invasive LV and aortic pressures, electrocardiogram, and CMR gradient waveforms. PV loops were derived by synchronizing pressure and volume measurements.The optimal method to measure the transaortic gradient in a patient with aortic stenosis is a simultaneous left ventricular (LV) pressure and central aortic (Ao) pressure with side-hole catheters. Shown are examples in which alternative methods are used to obtain the pressures, which produce erroneous results.